Learn more about chancres, where they are found, other symptoms that may accompany them, how syphilis is diagnosed, and when to see a healthcare provider.
Signs of a Syphilis Sore (Chancre)
A chancre is a sore that forms on the body. It is often one of the first indications of a syphilis infection.
Appearance
In the primary stage of syphilis, a single sore or multiple sores may appear. They will typically (but not always) be round and firm. They may not be noticeable, as they are usually painless. The sore will usually be present for three to six weeks.
Location
Chancres will appear in places where a syphilis infection has entered the body. This can be in or around the:
VaginaPenisRectumAnusLipsMouth
Additional Symptoms of Syphilis
Chancres aren’t the only symptom that may occur with syphilis. Other possible symptoms include:
Swollen glands in the armpits, groin, or neckHeadachePain in the jointsFeverA blotchy red rash (most commonly on the palms and the soles of the feet)Hair loss that is patchyWhite patches found in the mouthSkin growths that are similar in appearance to genital warts
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Anyone who has symptoms of syphilis should contact their healthcare provider.
Those who engage in certain behaviors would also benefit from speaking with a medical professional. These include:
Those who have had intimate contact with someone who has tested positive for syphilis or other STIsThose who engage in sexual practices considered high risk, like having multiple or unknown sexual partners
Diagnosis
The only way to definitively diagnose syphilis is through testing. A healthcare provider may use a variety of tests to reach a diagnosis. These may include:
A swab test takes fluid from sores to be tested. A physical exam involves a healthcare provider examining the genital area and other areas for sores and rashes. A blood test can indicate if syphilis is present or if an infection has occurred in the past.
Treatment
Syphilis can be treated with antibiotics. However, antibiotics may not treat any lasting damage caused by a syphilis infection.
Others who should be tested include:
Those who have unprotected sexThose who have had STIs previouslyMen who have sex with menThose with multiple sexual partners
Antibiotics that may be used include penicillin G benzathine or—for those with allergies to penicillin—doxycycline.
Summary
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection. It can produce sores on the body known as chancres. These may appear on the genitals, rectum, anus, mouth, and lips.
If left untreated, syphilis can progress to later stages which can result in serious medical complications. Some of these complications can be life threatening.
Syphilis can spread by intimate contact with someone who has chancres. However, the infection can also be spread between infected people who don’t have sores.
Syphilis can be diagnosed through a variety of tests and treated with antibiotics. Although chancres may go away on their own without treatment, treatment is necessary to prevent syphilis from progressing to more serious stages of infection that can be life threatening.
A Word From Verywell
Sexually transmitted infections can be uncomfortable. But if you are dealing with symptoms that concern you or suspect you may have syphilis, there is help available. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for support.
Syphilis can also be spread from an infected mother to an unborn baby.
